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| Re: Pre-Apartheid 'Apartheid' Laws [boodskap #119897] |
Di, 29 Maart 2011 14:09  |
Etienne Marais
Boodskappe: 370
Geregistreer: Maart 1997
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Senior Lid |
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On Mar 27, 11:39 am, Etienne Marais wrote:
> The British colonial ruler introduced a system of Pass Laws in the
> Cape Colony and Colony of Natal during the 19th century.[5][6][7] This
> stemmed from the regulation of black people's movement from the tribal
> regions to those occupied by white and coloured people, ruled by the
> British. Laws were passed not only to restrict the movement of black
> people into these areas, but also to prohibit their movement from one
> district to another without a signed pass. Black people were not
> allowed onto the streets of towns in the Cape Colony and Natal after
> dark and had to carry their passes at all times.[8]
>
> The Franchise and Ballot Act of 1892 instituted limits based on
> financial means and education to the black franchise,[9] and the Natal
> Legislative Assembly Bill of 1894 deprived Indians of the right to
> vote.[10] In 1905 the General Pass Regulations Bill denied blacks the
> vote altogether, limited them to fixed areas and inaugurated the
> infamous Pass System.[11] Then followed the Asiatic Registration Act
> (1906) requiring all Indians to register and carry passes,[12] the
> South Africa Act (1910) that enfranchised whites, giving them complete
> political control over all other race groups and removing the right of
> blacks to sit in parliament,[13] the Native Land Act (1913) which
> prevented all blacks, except those in the Cape, from buying land
> outside "reserves",[13] the Natives in Urban Areas Bill (1918)
> designed to force blacks into "locations",[14] the Urban Areas Act
> (1923) which introduced residential segregation and provided cheap
> labour for industry led by white people, the Colour Bar Act (1926),
> preventing anyone black from practicing skilled trades, the Native
> Administration Act (1927) that made the British Crown, rather than
> paramount chiefs, the supreme head over all African affairs,[15] the
> Native Land and Trust Act (1936) that complemented the 1913 Native
> Land Act and, in the same year, the Representation of Natives Act,
> which removed previous black voters from the Cape voters' roll.[16]
> One of the first pieces of segregating legislation enacted by the Jan
> Smuts' United Party government was the Asiatic Land Tenure Bill
> (1946), which banned any further land sales to Indians.[17]
>
> Jan Smuts' United Party government began to move away from the rigid
> enforcement of segregationist laws during World War II.[18] Amid fears
> integration would eventually lead the nation to racial assimilation,
> the legislature established the Sauer Commission to investigate the
> effects of the United Party's policies. The commission concluded
> integration would bring about a "loss of personality" for all racial
> groups.
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid#Pr ecursors_...
Voorloop tot Apartheid [wysig]1652 - Jan van Riebeeck land aan die
Kaap die Goeie Hoop, rasgemengde huwelike geduld en gewettig onder die
bewind van die VOC.
1809 - Drie jaar ná die tweede Britse bewindsoorname onder die beleid
van goewerneur Caledon word paswette ingestel wat die Khoisan verbied
om sonder geskrewe toestemming buite die gebiede te trek wat aan hul
toegesê is.
1828 - Die paswette wat die Khoisan raak, word afgeskaf.
1865 - Sir Theophilus Shepstone verklaar dat swartmense in Natal nie
mag stem nie.
1891 - Die Oranje-Vrystaat verbied mense van Asiatiese afkoms om in
die republiek te woon[3]
1894 - Cecil John Rhodes verhoed die kleurling Krom Hendriks om deel
te neem aan 'n kriekettoer van die Kaapse span na Engeland.
1902 - Die Verdrag van Vereeniging kondig die einde van die Tweede
Vryheidsoorlog aan.
1903 - Alfred Milner rig Sanac (" South African Native Affairs
Commission ") op.
1905 - Die bevindinge van Sanac word gepubliseer. Hedendaagse
akademici herken die bloudruk van rasgebaseerde segregasie (1910 —
1948) sowel as apartheid (tot 1990) daarin.
1905 - Alfred Milner stel verpligte segregasie vir Kaapse skole in.
1907 - Die Suid-Afrika-Wet, wat deur die Britse Parlement bekragtig is
ná samesprekinge tussen die twee voormalige kolonies en twee
voormalige Boererepublieke, bepaal dat slegs persone van Europese
herkoms tot die Parlement verkies mag word.
1910 - Die Unie van Suid-Afrika kom tot stand met Uniewording.
1913 - Die Natives Land Act van 1913 word ingestel wat privaat
eienaarskap van eiendom deur swartmense verbied.
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| Re: Pre-Apartheid 'Apartheid' Laws [boodskap #119898 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #119897] |
Di, 29 Maart 2011 14:32  |
Etienne Marais
Boodskappe: 370
Geregistreer: Maart 1997
Karma: 0
|
Senior Lid |
|
|
On Mar 29, 4:09 pm, Etienne Marais wrote:
> On Mar 27, 11:39 am, Etienne Marais wrote:
>> The British colonial ruler introduced a system of Pass Laws in the
>> Cape Colony and Colony of Natal during the 19th century.[5][6][7] This
>> stemmed from the regulation of black people's movement from the tribal
>> regions to those occupied by white and coloured people, ruled by the
>> British. Laws were passed not only to restrict the movement of black
>> people into these areas, but also to prohibit their movement from one
>> district to another without a signed pass. Black people were not
>> allowed onto the streets of towns in the Cape Colony and Natal after
>> dark and had to carry their passes at all times.[8]
>
>> The Franchise and Ballot Act of 1892 instituted limits based on
>> financial means and education to the black franchise,[9] and the Natal
>> Legislative Assembly Bill of 1894 deprived Indians of the right to
>> vote.[10] In 1905 the General Pass Regulations Bill denied blacks the
>> vote altogether, limited them to fixed areas and inaugurated the
>> infamous Pass System.[11] Then followed the Asiatic Registration Act
>> (1906) requiring all Indians to register and carry passes,[12] the
>> South Africa Act (1910) that enfranchised whites, giving them complete
>> political control over all other race groups and removing the right of
>> blacks to sit in parliament,[13] the Native Land Act (1913) which
>> prevented all blacks, except those in the Cape, from buying land
>> outside "reserves",[13] the Natives in Urban Areas Bill (1918)
>> designed to force blacks into "locations",[14] the Urban Areas Act
>> (1923) which introduced residential segregation and provided cheap
>> labour for industry led by white people, the Colour Bar Act (1926),
>> preventing anyone black from practicing skilled trades, the Native
>> Administration Act (1927) that made the British Crown, rather than
>> paramount chiefs, the supreme head over all African affairs,[15] the
>> Native Land and Trust Act (1936) that complemented the 1913 Native
>> Land Act and, in the same year, the Representation of Natives Act,
>> which removed previous black voters from the Cape voters' roll.[16]
>> One of the first pieces of segregating legislation enacted by the Jan
>> Smuts' United Party government was the Asiatic Land Tenure Bill
>> (1946), which banned any further land sales to Indians.[17]
>
>> Jan Smuts' United Party government began to move away from the rigid
>> enforcement of segregationist laws during World War II.[18] Amid fears
>> integration would eventually lead the nation to racial assimilation,
>> the legislature established the Sauer Commission to investigate the
>> effects of the United Party's policies. The commission concluded
>> integration would bring about a "loss of personality" for all racial
>> groups.
>
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid#Pr ecursors_...
>
> Voorloop tot Apartheid [wysig]1652 - Jan van Riebeeck land aan die
> Kaap die Goeie Hoop, rasgemengde huwelike geduld en gewettig onder die
> bewind van die VOC.
> 1809 - Drie jaar ná die tweede Britse bewindsoorname onder die beleid
> van goewerneur Caledon word paswette ingestel wat die Khoisan verbied
> om sonder geskrewe toestemming buite die gebiede te trek wat aan hul
> toegesê is.
> 1828 - Die paswette wat die Khoisan raak, word afgeskaf.
> 1865 - Sir Theophilus Shepstone verklaar dat swartmense in Natal nie
> mag stem nie.
> 1891 - Die Oranje-Vrystaat verbied mense van Asiatiese afkoms om in
> die republiek te woon[3]
> 1894 - Cecil John Rhodes verhoed die kleurling Krom Hendriks om deel
> te neem aan 'n kriekettoer van die Kaapse span na Engeland.
> 1902 - Die Verdrag van Vereeniging kondig die einde van die Tweede
> Vryheidsoorlog aan.
> 1903 - Alfred Milner rig Sanac (" South African Native Affairs
> Commission ") op.
> 1905 - Die bevindinge van Sanac word gepubliseer. Hedendaagse
> akademici herken die bloudruk van rasgebaseerde segregasie (1910 --
> 1948) sowel as apartheid (tot 1990) daarin.
> 1905 - Alfred Milner stel verpligte segregasie vir Kaapse skole in.
> 1907 - Die Suid-Afrika-Wet, wat deur die Britse Parlement bekragtig is
> ná samesprekinge tussen die twee voormalige kolonies en twee
> voormalige Boererepublieke, bepaal dat slegs persone van Europese
> herkoms tot die Parlement verkies mag word.
> 1910 - Die Unie van Suid-Afrika kom tot stand met Uniewording.
> 1913 - Die Natives Land Act van 1913 word ingestel wat privaat
> eienaarskap van eiendom deur swartmense verbied.- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
1892. Cape Franchise & Ballot Act
"In the 1880s, the Cape Colony African male enjoyed a qualified
franchise, dating back to 1853 [see the CAPE CONSTITUTION of 1853]. In
the Transvaal and the Orange Free State colonies, Africans had no
vote, and in natal nearly all Africans were effectively excluded from
the franchise. [Cecil] Rhodes was unhappy that in many Cape
Constituencies, Africans could be decisive if more of them exercised
this right to vote under the law as it existed. In a speech in
Parliament in June 1887, in which the franchise question was debated,
Rhodes made clear his view: 'The native is to be treated as a child
and denied the franchise. We must adopt a system of despotism, such as
works in India, in our relations with the barbarism of South Africa'
" (Magubane 1996: 108). Thus, the CAPE FRANCHISE & BALLOT ACT of 1892
eventually "raised the franchise qualifications [from £25 to £75] to
the disadvantage of Africans, Coloured and poor whites" (Simons &
Simons 1969: 50).
It was but the first of a series of laws passed during the subsequent
years in order to settle the 'native question' with regard to
franchise. See especially the SEPARATE REPRESENTATION OF VOTERS ACT of
1951
http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01 538/04lv01646/05lv01703.htm
[ NOTE: Transvaal and the Orange Free State were independent
Republics, not colonies ]
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